#lula #dilma #PT Relatório aponta baixo aprendizado de alunos do 5º ano em português e do 9º ano em matemática

Estudo foi divulgado nesta quarta-feira pelo Movimento Todos Pela Educação

01 de dezembro de 2010 | 14h 28

Estadão.edu, com Agência Brasil

Apenas um em cada três alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental sabe português e matemática de acordo com o esperado para a série. Entre os estudantes do 9º ano do fundamental, 26,3% sabem ler e escrever e 14,8% dominam matemática conforme o adequado para a série. As informações constam de relatório do Movimento Todos Pela Educação divulgado nesta quarta-feira, 1º de dezembro.

A entidade criou cinco metas de acesso e qualidade da educação no Brasil e acompanha os resultados periodicamente. Uma das metas estabelece que, até 2022, pelo menos 70% dos alunos deverão aprender o que é essencial para a sua série.

Os patamares estipulados para 2009 foram parcialmente cumpridos. Os resultados em língua portuguesa dos alunos do 5º ano ficaram abaixo do esperado: apenas 34,2% aprenderam o que deveriam, enquanto a meta era chegar a 36,6%. Em matemática, 32,6% dos estudantes atingiram o resultado indicado, superando os 29,1% estipulados.

Para os alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental, o cenário é inverso: a meta de português foi atingida, mas a de matemática não. Apenas 14,8% dos estudantes aprenderam o esperado para a série que cursavam – abaixo dos 17,9% estipulados pela entidade. Em língua portuguesa, 26,3% atingiram a pontuação adequada, superando a meta de 24,7%.

No ensino médio, 28,9% obtiveram o resultado esperado em língua portuguesa (a meta era 26,3%) e só 11% alcançaram o aprendizado adequado para a etapa em matemática (a meta era 14,3%).

Centro-Oeste

A diretora executiva do Todos Pela Educação, Priscila Cruz, classifica como "central" a meta "Todo aluno com aprendizado adequado à sua série". "O ciclo 1 do ensino fundamental - do 1º ao 5º ano - está mais bem resolvido, ainda que distante dos 100%", diz. Priscila destaca o trabalho dos Estados da Região Centro-Oeste "Eles fizeram a lição de casa para o cumprimento das metas do ensino fundamental."

No ciclo 1, o estipulado pelo movimento para 2009 era que 38,8% das crianças do Centro-Oeste soubessem ler e escrever - a Região atingiu 40,2% - e 30,6% dominassem o conteúdo de matemática esperado para o 5º ano - o número constatado foi de 36,2%.

No ciclo 2, o movimento determinou como meta para a Região que 23,6% dos alunos soubessem matemática de acordo com o esperado para o 9º ano. Os Estados atingiram uma média de 27,8%. Em matemática, a meta era de 16%, mas o Centro-Oeste alcançou 15,6%.

Qualidade

Para o sociólogo Simon Schwartzman, pesquisador do Instituto de Estudos do Trabalho e Sociedade (IETS), enfrentar o problema da qualidade da educação demanda mais investimentos públicos e o desmonte da "caixa preta que é a educação pré-escolar". Ainda segundo ele, alfabetizar plenamente todas as crianças até os 8 anos de idade é um "problema crucial", assim como a reforma dos currículos escolares.

"Não podemos continuar com um currículo tão aberto, e isso está ligado diretamente à formação dos professores, que são mal pagos e desvalorizados. Aí entra outra questão: como está o ensino nas faculdades de Educação", questiona o ex-presidente do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).

Relatório

O estudo do Todos Pela Educação também traz análises sobre o acesso da população de 4 a 17 anos à escola, a alfabetização das crianças até os 8 anos de idade, a conclusão do ensino médio até os 19 anos e os investimentos públicos em educação.

No ano passado, uma Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) ampliou a obrigatoriedade do ensino no País. Antes, apenas o ensino fundamental era compulsório – dos 6 aos 14 anos. Até 2016, o País terá de incluir todas as pessoas de 4 anos a 17 anos na escola, desde a pré-escola até o ensino médio. O atendimento está próximo de ser universalizado na faixa de 6 a 14 anos de idade (99,7%). Porém, considerando a população de 4 a 17 anos, o acesso cai para 91,9%. A maior cobertura está na Região Sudeste (93,5%) e a menor, na Sul (89,5%).

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#news : Electronic cigarettes pose health risks: study

LOS ANGELES, Dec. 3 (Xinhua) -- Electronic cigarettes, which are increasingly used worldwide, are unsafe and pose health risks, a new study suggests.

To determine the health effects of e-cigarettes, researchers at the University of California (UC), Riverside evaluated five e- cigarette brands and found design flaws, lack of adequate labeling, and several concerns about quality control and health issues.

They conclude that e-cigarettes are potentially harmful and urge regulators to consider removing e-cigarettes from the market until their safety is adequately evaluated.

The findings were reported in EurekAlert.org, a website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

Unlike conventional cigarettes, which burn tobacco, e- cigarettes vaporize nicotine, along with other compounds present in the cartridge, in the form of aerosol created by heating, but do not produce the thousands of chemicals and toxicants created by tobacco combustion.

Nothing is known, however, about the chemicals present in the aerosolized vapors emanating from e-cigarettes.

"As a result, some people believe that e-cigarettes are a safe substitute for conventional cigarettes," said Prue Talbot, the director of UC Riverside's Stem Cell Center, whose lab led the research. "However, there are virtually no scientific studies on e- cigarettes and their safety. Our study - one of the first studies to evaluate e-cigarettes - shows that this product has many flaws, which could cause serious public health problems in the future if the flaws go uncorrected."

The findings from the study include:

-- Batteries, atomizers, cartridges, cartridge wrappers, packs and instruction manuals lack important information regarding e- cigarette content, use and essential warnings;

-- E-cigarette cartridges leak, which could expose nicotine, an addictive and dangerous chemical, to children, adults, pets and the environment;

-- Currently, there are no methods for proper disposal of e- cigarettes products and accessories, including cartridges, which could result in nicotine contamination from discarded cartridges entering water sources and soil, and adversely impacting the environment; and

-- The manufacture, quality control, sales, and advertisement of e-cigarettes are unregulated.

"More research on e-cigarettes is crucially needed to protect the health of e-cigarette users and even those who do not use e- cigarettes," said Kamlesh Asotra, a research administrator at the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP).

"Contrary to the claims of the manufacturers and marketers of e- cigarettes being 'safe,' in fact, virtually nothing is known about the toxicity of the vapors generated by these e-cigarettes.

"Until we know any thing about the potential health risks of the toxins generated upon heating the nicotine-containing content of the e-cigarette cartridges, the 'safety' claims of the manufacturers are dubious at best," Asotra said.

Electronic cigarettes pose health risks, study finds

Date: 2010-12-03
Contact: Iqbal Pittalwala
Phone: (951) 827-6050
Email: iqbal@ucr.edu

Electronic cigarettes (or e-cigarettes), also called "electronic nicotine delivery systems," are increasingly used worldwide even though only sparse information is available on their health effects. In the United States, e-cigarettes are readily available in shopping malls in most states and on the Internet. But how safe are e-cigarettes?

To address this question, researchers at the University of California, Riverside, evaluated five e-cigarette brands and found design flaws, lack of adequate labeling, and several concerns about quality control and health issues. They conclude that e-cigarettes are potentially harmful and urge regulators to consider removing e-cigarettes from the market until their safety is adequately evaluated.

Unlike conventional cigarettes, which burn tobacco, e-cigarettes vaporize nicotine, along with other compounds present in the cartridge, in the form of aerosol created by heating, but do not produce the thousands of chemicals and toxicants created by tobacco combustion. Nothing is known, however, about the chemicals present in the aerosolized vapors emanating from e-cigarettes.

"As a result, some people believe that e-cigarettes are a safe substitute for conventional cigarettes," said Prue Talbot, the director of UC Riverside's Stem Cell Center, whose lab led the research. "However, there are virtually no scientific studies on e-cigarettes and their safety. Our study — one of the first studies to evaluate e-cigarettes — shows that this product has many flaws, which could cause serious public health problems in the future if the flaws go uncorrected."

Study results appear in this month's issue of Tobacco Control.

Talbot, a professor of cell biology and neuroscience, was joined in the study by Anna Trtchounian, the first author of the research paper. Together, they examined the design, accuracy and clarity of labeling, nicotine content, leakiness, defective parts, disposal, errors in filling orders, instruction manual quality and advertizing for the following brands of e-cigarettes: NJOY, Liberty Stix, Crown Seven (Hydro), Smoking Everywhere (Gold and Platinum) and VapCigs.

Their main observations are that:

• Batteries, atomizers, cartridges, cartridge wrappers, packs and instruction manuals lack important information regarding e-cigarette content, use and essential warnings.
• E-cigarette cartridges leak, which could expose nicotine, an addictive and dangerous chemical, to children, adults, pets and the environment.
• Currently, there are no methods for proper disposal of e-cigarettes products and accessories, including cartridges, which could result in nicotine contamination from discarded cartridges entering water sources and soil, and adversely impacting the environment.
• The manufacture, quality control, sales, and advertisement of e-cigarettes are unregulated.

The study was funded by a grant to Talbot from the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP).

"More research on e-cigarettes is crucially needed to protect the health of e-cigarette users and even those who do not use e-cigarettes," said Kamlesh Asotra, a research administrator at UC TRDRP. "Contrary to the claims of the manufacturers and marketers of e-cigarettes being 'safe,' in fact, virtually nothing is known about the toxicity of the vapors generated by these e-cigarettes. Until we know any thing about the potential health risks of the toxins generated upon heating the nicotine-containing content of the e-cigarette cartridges, the 'safety' claims of the manufactureres are dubious at best.

"Justifiably, more information about the potential toxic and health effects of e-cigarette vapors is necessary before the public can have a definitive answer about the touted safety of e-cigarettes. Hopefully, in the near future, scientists can provide firm evidence for or against the claimed ‘safety' of e-cigarettes as a nicotine-delivery tool."

UC TRDRP supports research that focuses on the prevention, causes, and treatment of tobacco-related disease and the reduction of the human and economic costs of tobacco use in California.

About electronic cigarettes:

E-cigarettes consist of a battery, a charger, a power cord, an atomizer, and a cartridge containing nicotine and propylene glycol. When a smoker draws air through an e-cigarette, an airflow sensor activates the battery that turns the tip of the cigarette red to simulate smoking and heats the atomizer to vaporize the propylene glycol and nicotine. Upon inhalation, the aerosol vapor delivers a dose of nicotine into the lungs of the smoker, after which, residual aerosol is exhaled into the environment.

The University of California, Riverside (www.ucr.edu) is a doctoral research university, a living laboratory for groundbreaking exploration of issues critical to Inland Southern California, the state and communities around the world. Reflecting California's diverse culture, UCR's enrollment has exceeded 20,500 students. The campus will open a medical school in 2012 and has reached the heart of the Coachella Valley by way of the UCR Palm Desert Graduate Center. The campus has an annual statewide economic impact of more than $1 billion.

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Noticias : Avião mexicano aterra de emergência em Santa Maria (vídeo)

ww1.rtp.pt/acores

Publicado: 2010-12-04 23:32:09 | Actualizado: 2010-12-04 23:32:09

Por: Luciano Barcelos

Avião mexicano aterra de emergência em Santa Maria (vídeo)

Um avião que viajava entre o México e Espanha foi obrigado a aterrar de emergência no aeroporto de Santa Maria devido a um problema técnico.
A tripulação teve de desligar um motor do aparelho quando sobroava os Açores.

Os 200 passageiros foram alojados em unidades hoteleiras locais e deverão seguir viagem esta madrugada num outro avião.

Notícia vídeo:Telejornal.

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#news Award-winning Lego artist says he can recreate anything in colorful bricks

Junpei Mitsui poses for photograph with one of his Lego brick works. (Mainichi)

Twenty-three-year-old Junpei Mitsui can recreate any famous building in the world with small, colorful Lego bricks -- from the National Diet Building of Japan to the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy.

"I can't think of anything that I cannot make with Lego," Mitsui says confidently. He is skilled enough to create a Lego version of "Doraemon" despite the popular cartoon character's difficult-to-shape round body.

Mitsui's "Battleship Yamato" has been chosen this year's best Lego work by an individual artist on the world's largest website for Lego creations. The 6.6-meter-long battleship is made of some 200,000 pieces of Lego and faithfully reproduces the warship in tiny detail, down to the movement of the doors on the ship's cannons.

Since childhood, Mitsui would always ask for Lego for his birthday and Christmas presents. He now owns some 1 million bricks weighing in at a total 1 metric ton. It was when Mitsui was a junior high school student that he discovered the world of Lego art through the Internet.

"My early works are all in rainbow colors," he recalls, saying he was obsessed with the shapes of his works but did not pay much attention to their colors.

After high school, he entered the University of Tokyo to study manufacturing technologies and founded the country's first Lego club.

While introducing a series of large-scale works, including the University of Tokyo's iconic Yasuda Auditorium, Mitsui has been taking part in a charity exhibition featuring UNESCO World Heritage sites built with Lego, and received this year's University of Tokyo President Award.

Mitsui is currently studying precious metal recycling technology at the university's graduate school. After coming home from school late at night, he works on Lego creations until dawn.

"Bricks are similar to the elements. We can create anything by changing their combinations," Mitsui says.

"I have various Lego friends, from children to those who are 30 years older than me, and I get feedback on my works from all over the world," he added.

Mitsui's Lego works can be seen on his website at http://www.geocities.jp/jun_brick/

Click here for the original Japanese story

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#news : U.S. nuclear disarmament educator uses unique teaching methods to drive message home

Kathleen Sullivan (Mainichi)

"I believe that if we understand the threat of nuclear weapons, based on what we love instead of based on what we fear, we're more likely to act," says American Kathleen Sullivan, a disarmament educator who has been engaged in the nuclear issue for over two decades.

Sullivan, co-producer of the 2005 documentary "The Last Atomic Bomb," visited Japan at the end of October for a peace workshop in Tokyo. Talking to participants with a beaming smile, she asked them to look back on their lives and think about the people who influenced them and their favorite places. She explained that when people are aware of what is important to them, their motivation to eliminate nuclear weapons, which can take all of those things away, increases.

"When we think about what we love, as threatened, it's a response that can engender action, I believe," Sullivan told the Mainichi in an interview during her visit.

According to the Federation of American Scientists, there are an estimated 22,600 nuclear warheads in the world. Sullivan uses ball bearings to help people visualize the seriousness of the situation. If the detonating power of the atomic bombs used on Japan at the end of World War II were represented by one small ball bearing, then 1,838 ball bearings would be needed to represent the power of a nuclear warhead today.

Sullivan encourages the peace workshop participants to close their eyes and listen to the sound of a large number of ball bearings dropping into a metal container. There seems to be no end to the sound. When thinking of the ball bearings as atomic weapons, it is daunting. It is at this point that an atomic bomb survivor invited to the workshop begins to describe the experience of living through an atomic bomb attack.

When Sullivan was at university, she visited Rocky Flats, a nuclear weapons-related site in Colorado. She couldn't believe that people were creating weapons that annihilated other people. For the past 2 1/2 decades since then, she has been engaged in the nuclear issue. While serving as a United Nations disarmament consultant, she frequently visits Japan to pass on her unique teaching methods. She has invited hibakusha, or atomic bomb survivors, with whom she has become close during her visits to Hiroshima and Nagasaki to come to the United States, and has promoted exchange with over 5,000 high school students over the past three years.

Now the remaining atomic bomb survivors are aging, and there is a loud call to underscore the importance of education on disarmament and nonproliferation.

For Sullivan, the first step is clear: discarding the idea that we will never be able to eliminate nuclear weapons.

"We have to learn how to use our moral imagination. We have to learn how to use our ability to extend our compassion to future generations who are going to inherit this earth, and understand that the greatest obstacles to life continuing are nuclear weapons -- and get rid of them," she says. (By Hiroshi Takahashi, Article Review Committee)

Click here for the original Japanese story

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Site de pagamentos pela internet #PayPal suspende conta do #Wikileaks

O popular site de pagamentos pela internet PayPal decidiu cancelar a conta aberta pelo Wikileaks para arrecadar doações, segundo informou a própria empresa americana neste sábado (4/11).

A notícia foi confirmada também pelo Wikileaks, o site que no domingo passado começou a divulgar mais de 250 mil mensagens diplomáticas dos Estados Unidos e que neste sábado, por meio do Twitter, relatou: "PayPal exclui WikiLeaks após pressão do governo dos Estados Unidos".



Em comunicado, o PayPal, explicou que a medida foi tomada devido ao fato de que a organização do australiano Julian Assange tinha violado a "política" do site.

Um dos requisitos exigidos pelo PayPal é que "não seja utilizado para atividades que encorajem, promovam, facilitem ou instruam pessoas a realizarem atividades ilegais", motivo que foi argumentado para o fechamento da conta do Wikileaks.

A decisão do PayPal se une às de outros provedores que decidiram deixar de trabalhar com Wikileaks, como o Amazon, que na quarta-feira parou de disponibilizar seus servidores à empresa de Assange, o que o obrigou a buscar alternativas imediatas para manter as páginas em funcionamento.

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#news : Al-Qaida inflames sectarian war on Shiite rebels in north Yemen

by Aqeel al-Halali Wang Qiuyun

SANAA, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- Fears of possible outbreak of sectarian war between Sunnis and the Shiite rebels in northern Yemen raised after al-Qaida in the Arabian peninsula (AQAP) claimed on Friday that it killed the spiritual leader of northern Shiite rebels, Bader al-Deen al-Houthi in a car bombing attack on Nov. 24.

In two separate statements posted on Jihadist forums, the Sunni- devoted AQAP claimed responsibility for the twin suicide car bombing attacks against convoys of the Shiite rebels' followers in northern provinces of Al-Jouf and Saada on Nov. 24 and Nov. 26.

"After we made sure that Bader al-Deen al-Houthi, was confirmed killed in the car bombing attack on Nov. 24, the leadership of AQAP issued an order to prepare another car bombing to intercept the funeral ceremony of this top Shiite leader, which took place three days later on Nov. 26," AQAP said.

"We have formed special units to defend our Sunni brothers, " the terrorist group said in the statement.

In the statement, the AQAP also called on youths of Sunni tribes to join its units and camps to defend themselves and Sunni tribes in northern Yemen, saying that "those operations were the first of a series of future attacks being prepared against the Houthi Shiite rebels."

The attacks against the Shiite rebels, the first of their kind launched by al-Qaida group, which was widely known to be mainly active only in Yemen's southern and eastern provinces, prompted organizations and human rights groups to warn that the northern region is about to break out the Iraqi-style sectarian conflict.

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) warned late last month that there had been an "alarming escalation" in fighting in Yemeni northern restive provinces.

Sanaa-based National Organization for Defending Human Rights and Freedoms "HOOD" said in a statement obtained by Xinhua that " We warn against implicating Yemen into a sectarian civil war openly or secretly".

"We call for all Yemeni political forces not to be dragged into others' plots," it added, warning of deadly consequences that could harm the security and freedom of Yemeni people if such plots were implemented.

The warnings coincided with media reports that Houthi-led Shiite rebel group in northern province of Saada, where has witnessed the sporadic war between government troops and Shiite militants since 2004, set up new checkpoints in the north and arrested three Sunni men believed to be affiliated with the AQAP.

Sheikh Wazie Azeez Sadan, a tribal dignitary in northern province of Al-Jouf, told Xinhua that "Houthis have established six new checkpoints on the road that links Harf Sufian district of Amran province and Barat Al-Anan district of Al-Jouf province."

Sadan confirmed that "fears of possible outbreak of a sectarian war between Shiite rebels and al-Qaida were raised among northern tribes."

"There is a noticeable presence of Houthis in some districts of Al-Jouf, while a growing activity of al-Qaida leaders who travel frequently inside the province," Sadan said.

Sadan warned that the continuous attacks launched by AQAP against Shiite rebels "could indulge the whole region into a sectarian conflict, especially with the existence of hatred- ignited long differences and disputes between Sunni and Shiite sects."

The Shiite rebels, however, played down these fears, arguing that "AQAP is no more than an intelligence tool controlled by the United States."

The spokesman of Houthi Shiite rebels, Mohammed Abdul Salam, told Xinhua that the Houthi group "would not allow the fulfillment of any intelligence plan plotting to get Yemen into a sectarian conflict."

In its 2010 report about the religious freedom in Yemen, the U.S. State Department also took notice of "the increasing hatred and discrimination between the followers of Shiites and Sunnis in northern provinces of Yemen."

"The growing religious and political extremism of Shiite rebels was behind escalating violence between the Shiite and Sunni communities in north Yemen," said the report which was issued in October.

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#NEWS : Brazilian, Spanish leaders pay homage to late Argentine president

MAR DEL PLATA, Argentina, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and King of Spain Juan Carlos on Saturday paid homage to Nestor Kirchner, the former Argentine president who passed away in October.

The two leaders are here to participate in the 20th Ibero- American Summit.

President Lula said that in the history of Brazil-Argentina ties there had never been a moment more extraordinary than the one during Kirchner's administration from 2003 to 2007.

Lula recalled that he and Kirchner "began a very respectful but intense relation, to change the behavior of our businessmen and diplomats, because there were many difference between both countries."

He added that Kirchner also played a fundamental role in " recovering the Common Market of South (Mercosur)."

Describing Kirchner as the "Maradona of politics," Lula said: " I do not know if any other person had been so audacious, with so much braveness as Kirchner to recover the Argentine economy."

Lula also told incumbent Argentine President Cristina Fernandez: "Brazil and Argentina have to be together because we are not enemies, we are companions." Fernandez is the widow of Nestor Kirchner.

Spanish King Juan Carlos noted that the 20th Ibero-American Summit was a kind of "posthumous homage" for Kirchner, because the late Argentine leader had always "stressed the recovery and progress of this great country."

Kirchner had "an outstanding place in Argentina's history and Ibero-America, because he boosted the construction of a more prosperous and solidary region, and served as a defender of human rights, freedom and justice," the king added.

He also expressed "deepest gratitude" to Kirchner and Fernandez for their "friendship with Spain" over all these years.

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